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KCSE CLUSTER TESTS 26

Physics Paper 2

SECTION A (25 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
1.

Figure 1 shows an object AB placed in front of a pin-hole camera. Using a ray diagram, show how the image is formed on the screen.

2 marks

2.

State the conditions necessary for a wave incident on a slit to be diffracted ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

3.

. Figure 2 represents a transformer connected to an Ac source and a resistor R.

a). Compare the ratios where 1p and 1Q are the currents flowing through the circuits P and Q respectively while VP and VQ are the potential differences across the circuits P and Q respectively.(1mrk)

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

b) State the assumption made in question 3 (a) above. (1mrk) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

4.

Figure 3 below shows a simple experiment using a permanent magnet and two metal bars X and Y put closer the iron fillings

a). during attraction

State with a reason which bar is made from a soft magnetic material. (2mrks) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

5.

. State one difference between a chemical reaction and radioactivity. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

6.

Figure 4 shows a Zener diode connected in a circuit in series with a bulb

It is observed that the bulb lights when both switches S1 and S2 are closed. State and explain the observation made on the bulb when S1 is closed and S2 is open.

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

7.

. State the advantage of generating an Ac supply rather than DC voltage supply in a power station

.______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

8.

. Figure 5 shows a force on a conductor carrying current when placed in a magnetic field.

State the polarities R and T.

-T _____________________________________________________

-R _____________________________________________________

1 marks

9.

What is the purpose of a fuse in domestic wiring system) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

10.

The period of a wave is T seconds. Its wavelength is metres. Show that V = f where v is the speed of the wave and f is the frequency. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

11.

In determining the depth of an ocean, an echo sounder producing ultrasonic sound is used. Give one reason why this sound is preferred. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

12.

. What causes electrical resistance in conductors?

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

13.

State one advantage of a CRO as a voltmeter over other voltmeters. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

14.

A ray of light incident on the surface of a glass prism is observed as represented in the Figure 6.

Explain this observation.

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

15.

Figure 7 shows how a distant object is focused in defective eye.

a).State the nature of effect. (1mrk)

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

b). Suggest a suitable lens to correct the defect. (1mrk) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2 marks

16.

One of the isotopes of Uranium has a half life of 576 hours.

a) Complete the table below to show how the mass varies with time from the initial mass of 4000mg.

b). Explain why the mass of the isotope will not eventually reduce to zero. (______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 marks

SECTION B (55 Marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
17.

.a).The following nuclear reaction is part of radioactive series.

i). Name the radiations represented by r and s (2mrks)

-s_____________________________________________________

-r_____________________________________________________

ii). Determine the numbers represented by x and y. (2mrks)

y______________________________________________________

x______________________________________________________

b Figure 8 shows the features of a diffusion cloud chamber used for detecting radiations for radioactive sources

i).State the property of alcohol that makes it suitable for use in the chamber. (1mrk) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

ii).State the function of the Perspex lid. (1mrk)

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

iii) Explain why the base velvet chamber is painted black. (1mrk) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

iv). Explain how the radiation from the radioactive source is detected in chamber. (4mrks) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

v). State two advantages of the cloud chamber over a charged gold leaf electroscope when used as detectors of radiations (2mrks) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

13 marks

18.

a). Figure 8 shows an object AB, placed in front of a converging mirror. C is the center of curvature of the mirror.

Using a ray diagram, determine the size of the image of AB as reflected by the mirror. (4mrks)
C. In an experiment to determine the local length of a convex lens, the corresponding values of the object distance u, and the image distance v, both measured from the optical center of the lens were obtained. The graph below shows the relationship between v and u.

i).Using the graph above and without using the lens formula, determine the value of the focal length of the lens (3mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

ii). A convex mirror of focal length 10cm forms an image 5cm from the mirror. By calculations, determine the position of the object as measured from the mirror (3mrks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

10 marks

19.

. a) State Ohm’s law. (1mrk)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
b). A dry cell of emf E and an internal resistance of r is used to drive a current through various resistors of resistance R and the values of

The variables I and R are related by the equation

(i).Using the graph in figure 9, determine the emf, E of the cell

ii).Show that the internal resistance r of the cell is given by r = -R intercept and hence determine r. (3mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

c). Figure 10 shows part of a ring main circuit connected to hair drier salon heater.

Identify by giving a reason the wire labeled c. (2mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

d). Two lamps marked 75W 250V and an electric heater marked 2KW 250V are used for a period of 10 hours. Calculate the total cost of using them for this period if electricity costs Khs.4.5 per kWh unit. (4mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

10 marks

20.

. a) State one property of X – rays that is not exhibited by visible light. (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

b).Figure 11 shows the features of an X- ray tube

i). State how the electrons are produced. (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

ii).What is the effect on the wavelength of the X- rays produced when a).P.d across the tube is decreased. (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

b) .The number of electrons hitting the metal target is increased. (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

iii). Why is copper metal used at the anode? (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

iv).State with a reason the property of molybdenum that makes it suitable as a target. (2mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

v).Explain how soft X – rays are produced in this X – ray tube. (2mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

c). Calculate the maximum velocity of electrons that would produce X- rays of frequency 8.0 x 108 Hz if only 20% of the kinetic energy is converted to X rays. (3mrks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

12 marks

21.

.a) Figure 12 shows a transverse stationary wave along a string

i). Label the nodes and antinodes on the diagram above. (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

ii). If the distance between an anti-node and consecutive node is 1.0 x 10-3m, determine the wavelength of the stationary wave. (2mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

b). Five successive wave frequency in a ripple tank are observed to spread a distance of 6.4cm. If the vibrator has a frequency of 8 Hz, determine the speed of the wave. (2mrks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
d). Figure 13 shows a transmitter producing both TV and radio waves

Briefly explain why radio reception will be better than TV beyond the hill. (2mrks) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

7 marks

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