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KCSE CLUSTER TESTS 26

Biology Paper 2

SECTION A (40 Marks)

Answer all questions in the spaces provided
1.

The diagram below shows some components of a light microscope.

a) Name the parts labeled (2mrks)

K__________________________________________________________________________ M__________________________________________________________________________

b) State the functions of (2mrks)

P__________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Q__________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

c) A student was viewing a slide preparation of a plant cell under high power microscope. The features of the cell were blurred. Which one of the labeled parts of the microscope would the student use to obtain:-

(i) a sharper outline of the features (1mrk)

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope (1mrk) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

d) A student was preparing a section of a plant cell to be viewed on a light microscope. Give a reason for each of the following steps:-

(i)Cutting a very thin section (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(ii)Staining the section (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(iii)Putting the section in water (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

9 marks

2.

a) Explain what happens to excess amino acids in the liver of humans. (4mrks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
K
M
N
Q
P
R
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

b).i) What would happen if a person produced less anti-diurectic hormone? (1mrk) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

ii) What term is given to the condition described in (b) (i) above? (1mrk) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

c) State two portions of the human nephrone found only in the cortex of the kidney. (2mrk) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

8 marks

3.

The diagram below shows a set up that was used to demonstrate fermentation.

Glucose solution was boiled and oil added on top of it. The glucose solution was then allowed to cool before adding yeast suspension. a) Why was the glucose solution boiled before adding the yeast suspension? (1mrk) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

b) What was the importance of cooling the glucose solution before adding the yeast suspension? (1mrk) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

c) What was the use of the oil in the experiment? (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

d) Give two reasons why accumulation of lactic acid during vigorous exercise lead to an increase in heart beat. (2mrks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

e).Other than carbon (iv) oxide, name the other products of anaerobic respiration in plants. (2mrks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

7 marks

4.

In an experiment, a black mouse was mated with a brown mouse; all the off-springs were black. The off-springs grew and were allowed to mate with one another.

The total number of (F2) generation off-springs was 96.

a) Using the letter symbols capital letter B for the gene of black colour and small b for brown colour, Work out the genotype of the F1 generation. (3mrks)

b) From the information above, work out the following for the F2 generation.

i) Genotypic ratio. (2mrks)

ii) Phenotypic ratio. (1mrk)

iiii) The total number of brown mice (2mrks)

8 marks

5.

When a person’s hand accidentally touches a hot object it is quickly withdrawn, below is the diagram showing how response occurs

a).Describe a reflex action that will lead to the withdrawal of hand from an object. (7mrks) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

b).Name the substance responsible for the transmission of an impulse across the synapse. (1mrk) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

8 marks

SECTION B (40 Marks)

Answer question six and any other one question from this section in the spaces provided
6.

An investigation was carried out between 1964 and 1973 to study the changes in fish population in a certain lake. Four species of fish A, B, C and D were found to live in the lake. In 1965, a factory was built near the lake and was found to discharge hot water in the lake raising the temperature from 25o c to 30o c. In 1967, sewage and industrial waste from a nearby town was diverted into the lake. In 1969, discharge of hot water, sewage and industrial waste into the lake was stopped. The fish populations during the period of investigation are shown in the table below.

a) (i) In which year was the fish population lowest? (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(ii)State the factors that might have caused the lowest fish populations during the year you have stated in (a) (i) above. (3mrks) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

(iii)Explain how each factor you have stated in (a) (ii) above could have brought about the changes in the fish populations (11mrks) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

(iii) Why did fish species C remain 0 after 1969? (1mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

b).Other than the factors stated in (a) (i) above, state other four that may affect the population of fish in the lake. (4mrks) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

20 marks

7.

(a).What is meant by the term digestion? (2mrk)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b) Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function. (18mrks)

20 marks

8.

Discuss the various evidences which show that evolution has taken place.

20 marks

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