a). What is land fragmentation in farming? (½ mark)

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b) State two causes of land fragmentation in Kenya since independence (1mk)

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State four advantages of using organic matter for mulching.

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State four reasons for practicing crop rotation

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Give two advantages of growing one type of annual crop on the same piece of land continually _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

State four factors that may determine the number of cultivation when preparing a seed bed _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

State four methods of improving labour productivity on a farm _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

Explain the following terms as used in agricultural economics

i. Marginal Returns

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ii. Gross Domestic product (G D P)

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iii. Opportunity cost

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iv. Per capital income

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Mention two ways by which soil PH may affect crop production
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Give two mechanical methods of separating soil particles according to size during soil analysis

Mention four factors which affect the quality of hay
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Give one possible cause of swelling on the root of bean plants
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Mention two soil factors which influence soil productivity
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Give four factors which influence solifluction
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List four factors that affect the selectivity of herbicides
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List down four benefits that a farmer may derive from agro forestry trees
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Give two types of product-product relationship in agricultural economics
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Mention four activities carried out by young farmers clubs in Kenya
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Give four deficiency symptoms of phosphorus in crops
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State two characteristics of a good rootstock for grafting
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Below is a diagram of a bird labelled A, which is a crop pest.

(i) Identify the bird________________________________________________________ (½mk)

(ii) State two ways by which the bird causes loss in crops. (1mk)
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(iii) State four methods which are used to control the pest.
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Below is a diagram of money maker tomato plant labeled B

i) Identify any two management practices that have not been carried out on the tomato plant (1mk) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

ii) State two problems that may arise as a result of not carrying out the management practices you have indentified (i) above (1mk)
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The diagram below shows a weed plant labeled C.

i) Identify the weed plant (½mk)

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ii) State two reasons for controlling the weed labeled C in a crop field (1mk) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

iii) State one herbicide that can be used to control the weed in a field of growing maize (1mk) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

iv) At what stage of growth of maize should a post emergence herbicide be applied? (½mk) ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

i) what is a cut off drain (½mk)
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(ii) Describe the procedure of constructing a cut off drain (2mks)
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iii) State one factor that would determine the width and depth of the cut- off drain (½mk) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

On 10/1/2010 Lutonyi farm purchased on credit the following items from an Agro-vet shop
1) 20 bags of dairy meal, 70kg each @ kshs1, 100 per bag
2) 16 bags of bran, 70kg each@kshs700 per bag
3) 18 bags of D.S.P fertilizer,50kg@kshs1,500 per bag
4) 45 bags of seed maize, each2kg @kshs300 per bag
5) 8 Shearing knives (medium sized)@kshs300 per knife
i) Prepare the purchase order that Lutonyi farm made to the agro-vet shop (4mks)

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ii) Calculate the value of each item purchased and the total value of the order (2mks)
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The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil types A,B and observations were made after 24hours.

Study the diagram and answer the questions that follows

2.5 marks