Name one of the end products of the light reaction in photosynthesis.

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Give two reasons why higher animals need an internal transport syste

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a) Explain why a person discharges urine more frequently when environmental temperatures are low than when they are high.

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b) Name the nitrogenous waste product excreted by a fresh water fish. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Why is it important to use dry mass in ecological studies and not wet mass

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The oxidation of a certain food is represented by the chemical equation shown below:

The diagram below represents regions of a root tip.

a) State the functions of x.

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b) Identify regions labeled A,B and C.

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B…………………………………………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………………………………………

In an investigation, raw banana was peeled, mashed into a paste and was treated as shown in the set- up below.

a) Name the physiological process being investigated.

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b) State the expected colour of the solutions inside and outside the visking tubing after 30 minutes.

Inside

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Outside

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c) Explain the observation made in (b) above.

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The figure below represents an organism.

a) Name the phylum and class to which it belongs.

Phylum:

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Class:

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b) State two observable features that are used to place the organism in the class in (a) above.

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Identify the agent of dispersal of the following:

i) Fruits which split open along satures when dry, hauling their seeds away from the parent plant.

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ii) Light seeds with hairy extensions.

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Liver damage leads to impaired digestion of fats. Explain this statement.

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The diagram below represents an organelle involved in aerobic respiration.

a) Identify the organelle

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b) Name the parts labeled X and Y

X………………………….Y………………………

Explain how the xylem are adapted to their function.

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State the function of the following in reproduction.

i) Placenta

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ii) Acrosome

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iii) Follicle stimulating hormone

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Name one mechanism that hinders self pollination in flowering plants.

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In what ways are the gill filaments of fish adapted to their function?

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The graph below represents a population growth curve of zebras in a grassland ecosystem over a period of time.

a) Account for the change in zebra population between points R and S on the growth curve above.

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b) Name the most suitable method used in estimating the zebra population.

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Explain how temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis.

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a) Name the only epidermal cell in plants that contain chloroplast.

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b) State one difference between palisade cells and spongy mesophyll cells.

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a) Name the causative agents of the following diseases.

i) Amoebic dysentery

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ii) Tuberculosis

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The equation below represents a metabolic process that occurs in the mammalian liver.

a) Name the process that represents the above equation.

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b) Identify the enzyme represented by x.

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c) What is the importance of the process to mammal

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A scientist carried out blood sugar test for a given patient at three different times of the day. He obtained the results shown below for glucose and glycogen level.

Account for:

a) Presence of glycogen in blood.

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b) Rise in glucose and glycogen levels at 1.30 p.m

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Name the cell organelles that are responsible for the formation of the following organelles.

i) Lysosomes

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ii) Cilia and flagella

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iii) Ribosomes

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Name the blood vessels that:

i) Supply blood to the heart muscles.

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ii) Has the lowest concentration of urea.

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iii) Has the highest concentration of glucose.

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Name three factors that would slow down enzyme activity.

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State the importance of the following features in a respiratory surface.

i) Moist………………………………………………………………………….…

ii) Thin epithelium…………………………………………………………………

a) State two density dependent factors that affect population growth in an ecosystem.

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b) Name the instrument used in measuring the following parameter in a habitat.

Speed of wind.

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Distinguish between primary growth and secondary growth.

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The diagram below shows an apparatus used in biological study.

a) Name the apparatus shown above.

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b) State its function.

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