The vernier calipers shown in figure 1 has a zero error of -0.55cm.

What is the actual measurement of the object being measured using the vernier caliper?

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A crate of mass 40kg is raised by the rope of a crane from the hold of a ship. If the tension in the rope is 480N, find the acceleration of the crate as it rises? Take,g=10N/Kg

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Explain how a steel needle is made to float on water.

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Using a simple kinetic theory, give two reasons as to why it is necessary to supply energy to change water to steam at 1000C.

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Explain why the temperature of methylated spirit decreases when air is blown over it.

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How can the moment of a given force be made larger?

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Figure 2 below shows an irregular shape of plywood suspended by a thin thread at two different points A and B. In the diagram, mark and label the position of the centre of gravity of the plywood

How is heat transfer by radiation reduced in a vacuum flask?

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The graph below represents the behavior of a spring in an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and extension produced in spring.

What does region OA indicate?

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A space shuttle is in orbit around the earth at a certain height

i) What keeps it in orbit?

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ii) In which direction is it accelerating at each point in it’s orbit.

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iii) How is the centripetal force affected if the shuttle reduces it’s mass by launching a satellite.

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Figure 3, below shows the graph of the force applied against the distance covered by a body moving along a certain path.

FIG.3

Determine the work done on the body in the first 45 metres along the path.

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Air is blown over a sheet of paper as shown in figure 4.

The paper is lifted up, explain this observation

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State the function of the constriction in a clinical thermometer.

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Figure 5 shows a water manometer connected to a laboratory gas supply.

What is the excess pressure in terms of length of the water column of the gas supply?

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Figure 6, illustrates the apparatus for an experiment in which the density of air is to be determined.

a) Describe briefly how the volume of the flask could be measured.

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b) During the determination it is necessary to remove all the air from the flask. How is it possible to know that this has been done?

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c) It is usual to measure the atmospheric pressure and also the room temperature when determining the density of air but not when determining the density of a solid. Why is this necessary?

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d) If one-litre flask is used and mass of air determined is 1.3g, calculate the density of air in standard units. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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a) According to Archimedes, an object experiences an upthrust force which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced. State the condition necessary for the law to hold.

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b) A simple hydrometer is set up with a test –tube (mass=15g, length=12m) with a flat base, and partly filled with lead shot. The tube has a uniform cross-sectional area of 2.0cm² and 10cm of it’s length are under water. Given the density of water=1000kgm^-3. Calculate, with clear explanations.

i) The mass of the lead shot in the tube. (3mks)

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ii) The length of the tube immersed if placed in brine with density 1.25g/cm³ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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iii) The lowest density of liquid in which this tube would float.

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c) When a ship sails from fresh water into the sea, state and explain what happen to the level of it’s plimpsol line. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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a) Why can the pressure of a gas not be reduced to zero by cooling.

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b) Using kinetic theory of gases explain how the pressure of a gas rises when heated at constant volume. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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c) Figure 7, is a graph that shows the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the reciprocal of it’s volume at constant temperature.

i) State how the pressure and the volume of the gas are related.

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ii) Why would it not be practical for the value of V to go to zero?

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iii) Given that PV=0.82T, where T is the absolute temperature of the gas, determine the value of T from the graph. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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d) 300cm3 of air at a temperature of 00c and a pressure of 1.0x105 Pa was heated in a sealed container. Assuming the volume of the container remains unchanged, determine the temperature at which the pressure raises to 5x105Pa.

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a) Name any two renewable sources of energy

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b) Figure 8, shows a 10kg bag at rest held by a woman at a height of 0.5m from the floor

i) How much work does she do?

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ii) She then lifts it straight up to a height of 2m from the floor. How much work does she do now? .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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iii) In case she lifts the weight from position A to position C (same height as B) but along the path AC, how much work does she do now? Explain your answer.

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c) A catapult is used to fire a stone of mass 50g vertically to a height of 4.05m. At what speed does the stone leave the catapult.

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Figure 9 illustrates an experiment in which electrical energy, used to produce a measured rise in temperature of a liquid can be determined.

a)

i) Point out the faults in this arrangement and state how they should be corrected.

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ii) In what ways is the heat lost? What precautions should be taken to reduce the heat loss? ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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iii) Why is the rheostat used?

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b) Explain why;

i) The liquid tend to be warmer at the top than at the bottom of the container.

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ii) The temperature will eventually stop rising even though the current is still passing the liquid. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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c) The electric heater put into 500g of oil for 5minutes raises the temperature of oil from 200C to 360C. The metre readings for the power supply are:- Voltmeter=12.0V: ammeter =4.0A. Neglecting the effect of the container and assuming no heat loss, calculate the specific heat capacity of oil.

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