State TWO factors that destroy evidences of archaeological traces.

Give TWO factors which influenced man’s upright posture.

Identify TWO methods used by man in the process of domesticating animals.

Give ONE member of the camel found in Central and South America that is used as ‘a beast of burden’

Give TWO reasons why African slaves were particularly attractive to European peoples.

Define industrialization.

Name TWO officials who installed Kabaka in the Buganda Kingdom.

State TWO ways in which European militarism contributed to the colonization of Africa.

Define the term ‘European scramble’ for Africa.

Outline TWO reasons why the British applied indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.

State ONE similarity between the British and French systems of colonial administration.

State ONE problem which faced the League of Nations.

Give ONE reason why Adolf Hitler was interested in Russia during the Second World war.

Identify ONE historical event that led to the birth of Pan-Africanism.

State ONE aim of the Arusha declaration.

Name TWO major political parties in Britain.

Name ONE of the houses of the Indian parliament.

a) State FIVE reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle of mankind. (5mks)

b) Explain FIVE disadvantages of traditional system of farming in Britain before 18th century . (10mks)

a) Outline THREE factors which facilitated the spread of Iron in Africa. (3mks)

b) Explain the impacts of Iron working technology on African communities in Africa before colonization. (12mks)

a) State FIVE factors that led to the development of Trans-Saharan trade. (5mks)

b) Explain TEN reasons that led to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade. (10mks)

a) Outline FIVE reasons why Europeans wanted to expand overseas during the 15th and 16th centuries. (5mks)

b) Explain FIVE terms of Berlin Act in the colonization of Africa. (10mks)

a) State FIVE roles of Oman henes among the Asante in the 19th century. (5mks)

b) Explain the social organization of the Asante during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)

a) Outline FIVE achievements of Pan-Africanism movement. (5mks)

b) Describe FIVE factors that led to the easing of the cold war. (10mks)

a) State FIVE positive results of the Maji Maji rebellion in Tanganyika between 1905-1907. (5mks)

b) What are the impediments facing ECOWAS. (10mks)