An experiment to investigate a physiological process was setup as shown below. Distilled water was put in a visking tubing A and glucose solution in another visking tubing B. Both visking tubings were then suspended in distilled water for six hours.

a) Name the physiological process that was being investigated……………………............................................................................................

b) State the observations which were made at the end of the experiment in the following:

i) Visking tubing with glucose e solution

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ii) Visking tubing with distilled water

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c) Explain the observations made in b(i) and (ii) above

i)

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ii)

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d) Which structure in a living cell is similar to the walls of the visking tubing in the experiment? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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A female human is found to be a carrier of haemophilia. She wished to marry a male who is normal. a) What is haemophilia?

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b) If the gene determining normal condition for haemophilia is H.

i) State the genotypes of the male and the female. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ii) A genetic counselor advised the couple that they have high chances of giving birth to a son who is haemophiliac. Using suitable crosses, show how the counselor arrived at the percentage chances in advising the couple.

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A female human is found to be a carrier of haemophilia. She wished to marry a male who is normal. a) What is haemophilia?

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b) If the gene determining normal condition for haemophilia is H.

i) State the genotypes of the male and the female.

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ii) A genetic counselor advised the couple that they have high chances of giving birth to a son who is haemophiliac. Using suitable crosses, show how the counselor arrived at the percentage chances in advising the couple.

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c) Give the genetic term used to refer to characteristics inherited in the same manner as the haemophilia.

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Study the diagram below that shows an embryo sac.

a) Name parts T and R.

T…………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................

R…………………………………………………………………………………….....................................................................................................................

b) State where the above structure is found in a flower .

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c) State the fate of T and R during fertilization

T

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R

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d) State the name of fertilization that occurs in the embryo sac above.

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The diagram below illustrates a bone found in the human skeleton.

a) Name the bone

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b) Give the distinguishing features of the bone named in (a) above. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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c) Name the parts labeled L,M and K

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d) Explain how part M adapts the above bone to its function.

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e) State the view at which the bone was observed to come up with the diagram above.

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The set up below was used to investigate a certain process

a)

i) Name the process…………………………………………………………….............................................................................................................................

ii) State one condition under which the process occurs.

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b)

i) Explain why glucose solution should be boiled and cooled before adding yeast in this experiment. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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ii) State what would happen to the lime water as the experiment proceeds to the end. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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c) Outline a possible control experiment for the set-up above.

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d) Write a word equation for the reaction in tube A.

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e) Give one application of the process in industry.

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The pressure in the flow of blood in a mammal was determined in two different vessels. The data was taken within a period of one minute and was presented as follows:-

b) Describe the trend of each curve Blood vessel A

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Blood vessel B

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c) From the graphs suggest the possible identity of:-

i) Blood vessel A………………………………………………..………….............................................................................................................................................

ii) Blood vessel B………………………………………………...............................................................................................................................................…………

iii) Give reasons for your answer in (i) and (ii) above.

Blood vessel A

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Blood vessel B

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d) Explain a factor that would result to an increase in blood pressure in both vessels above

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e) State two structural differences between the two vessels mentioned in (c) above. ………………………………………………….............................................................................................................................................................................................

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Describe what happens to a meal comprising of ugali and fatty meat from the time it enters the mouth to the time it is absorbed in a human.

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Describe how xerophytes are adapted to their habitats

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