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KCSE CLUSTER TESTS 16

Biology Paper 2

SECTION A (40 Marks)

Answer ALL the questions
1.

a) In humans, the ability to roll the tongue depends on the presence of a dominant gene. Using letter R to represent the gene for the ability to roll the tongue construct a genetic cross to show the genotype of the parental generation, the F1 generation and the gametes between homozygous tongue roller and a heterozygous tongue roller.

b) i) What type of variation is tongue rolling?

........................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................

ii) Name two other variations of the type of variation named in (b) (i) above in humans ........................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................

c) State two causes of variations.

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8 marks

2.

The following experiments were set-up to investigate a certain process in plants.

a) What was the aim of the experiment?

....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

b) What observations were made in set-ups

i) A

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ii) B

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c) Explain the observations made in set-up B on the root.

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d) State the function of the Klinostat.

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e) What is the significance of set-up A?

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8 marks

3.

The following diagrams represent cells undergoing various stages of cell division.

a) Name the stages of cell division represented by the cells A, B and C.

A................................................................................................................

B...............................................................................................................

C.................................................................................................................

b) Give two reasons for the stage of cell division represented by C.

....................................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................................

c) Name the structures labeled M.

....................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................

d) State two differences between the cell divisions represented by A and B. ....................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................

8 marks

4.

a) Differentiate between growth and development.

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

b)

i) Name the type of growth curve obtained in insects.

............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

ii) State two phases of the growth curve named in (b) (i) above.

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

c) Name two tissues responsible for secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

d) State the function of florigen hormone in plants.

............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

8 marks

5.

a) Explain the importance of the following in gaseous exchange in plants.

i) Guard cells

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ii) Aerenchyma tissue

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b) i) Name the gaseous exchange structures in insects.

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ii) What is the importance of a counter current flow system in fish?

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c) Explain why athletes practice at high altitudes

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8 marks

SECTION B (40 Marks)

Answer questions 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8
6.

The table below shows the number of two species of wild life game in Nairobi national Park over a period of one year. The populations of animals were made on two monthly basis.

a) On the same axes, draw graphs of the numbers of giraffes and zebra against time.

b)

i) Which wild game was greatly affected by climatic changes over the period of time? ..............................................................................................................................................

ii) Give a reason for your answer in b (i) above.

..............................................................................................................................................

c) With a reason name a suitable method that was used to estimate the population of the two species of wild game. ..............................................................................................................................................

d) Account for the giraffe population during the time of study.

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e) Name four biotic factors that could have regulated the population of zebras during period of study. .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

f) State two importance of having National Parks to a nation.

.............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

20 marks

7.

a) Describe the process involved in the absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil by plants.

b) Relate the structure of the xylem tissue to its function.

20 marks

8.

a) Describe how the small intestine is adapted to its functions.

b) Explain how the products of digestion are assimilated into the body.

20 marks

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