(a) State two disadvantages of plantation in agriculture (2 marks)
(b) Give three reasons why greenhouses are preferred in Agriculture (3 marks)

(a) Identify three raw materials that led to the growth of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (3 marks)
(b) Name two rivers that are source s of water in the Ruhr industrial zone. (2 marks)

(a) State two canals in Africa. (2 marks)
(b) Give three problems experienced in navigating R.Lawrence before the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway project (3 marks)

(a) Name two types of ground photographs. (2 marks)
(b) State three uses of photographs (3 marks)

(a) State two cultural factors that have led to large families in Africa. (2 marks)
(b) Give three problems created by the decline in population in Sweden.(3 marks)

The table below shows crop production in Kenya for a period of five years in 1000 kilograms. Use it to answer question (a)

(a) (i) Using a scale of 1 cm represent 200 kilograms present the above data using a compound bar graph.(9 marks)
(ii) List two advantages of using a compound bar graph to represent statical data. (2 marks)
(b) (i) Other than Ghana, name other two counties West Africa where cocoa is grown. (2 Marks)
(ii) State three physical conditions that favor the growth of cocoa in Ghana. (3 marks)
(c) Describe how cocoa is processed in Ghana (6 marks)

(d) Give three importance of cocoa production to the economy of Ghana. (3 marks)

(a) Name two types of trade (2 marks)
(b) (i) Explain how the following factors influence trade (2 marks)
Availability of capital (2 marks)
Infrastructure (2 marks)
(ii) Name three major Kenya foreign exchange earners. (3 marks)
c) (i) Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payments (2 marks)
(ii) Give four benefits of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) to the member states.
(4 marks)
(iii) Other than COMESA, identify two trading blocks in Africa. (2 marks)
(d) Explain four problems facing international trade in Kenya, (8 marks)

(a) (i) State two benefits of irrigation over natural water supply? (2marks)
(ii) Give four ways of reclaiming land, apart from irrigation used in Kema. (4marks)
(b) (i) Name four polders created under the Zuyder Zee project in the Netherlands? (4marks)
(ii) Outline the stages followed in reclamation of land from the sea in Netherlands? (6marks)
(iii) Give three benefits of the Zuyder Zee project? (3marks)
(c) Form four students in a school in Ahero visited an irrigation farm;
(i) State two objectives for the study? (2marks)
(ii) State four problems facing irrigation projects in Kenya did they come up with? (4marks)

a) (i) What is wildlife? (2marks)
(ii) Explain three factors that influence distribution of wildlife in East Africa? (6marks)
b) (i) Name a national park in each of the three East Africa countries? (3marks)
(ii) Give three reasons why game reserves and national parks are located in marginal areas? (3marks)
c) (i) Apart from windstorms, name other three environmental hazards experienced in Kenya? (3marks)
(ii) Give three reasons why windstorms are considered as natural hazards? (3marks)
d) (i) Distinguish between management of environment and conservation of the environment (2 marks)
(ii) State three reasons why it is necessary to manage and conserve the environment (3 marks)

(a) Explain three common physical characteristics of the major world fishing regions (6 marks)
(b) Giving an example for each, differentiate between pelagic fish and domersal fish. (4 marks)
(c) (i) Explain four environmental problems affecting fishing in Kenya. (8 marks)
(ii) State four reasons why government of Kenya encourages fishing (4 marks)
(d) Name three methods of preserving fish (3 marks)