(a) State two reasons why some industries are located near sources of water. (2mks)
(b) Highlight three factors that led to the growth of iron and steel industries in the Rhur region of Germany.
(3mks)

(a) Apart from urban-rural migration name two types of migration. (2mks)
(b) Name three reasons that may lead to urban-rural migration. (2mks)

(a) Apart from oil, name two other non-renewable sources of energy. (2mks)
(b) State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of petroleum. (3mks)

(a) Apart from HIV and AIDS, give two other causes of mortality in East Africa. (2mks)
(b) State three ways in which the spread of HIV and AIDS in Kenya may slow down economic development.(3mks)

(a) Give three physical conditions that favour maize cultivation in Nakuru county in Kenya. (3mks)
(b) State two problems facing maize farming in Kenya. (2mks)

The table below shows countries X, Y and Z sugarcane production in 1000 tonnes from1976-1980.

(a) (i) Draw comparative bar graph to represent the data. (7mks)
(ii) State two advantages of using comparative bar graph to represent geographical data. (2mks)
(iii) Which of the three countries had the highest sugarcane production in percentage increase between the period 1976-1980? (1mk)
(b) (i) Outline two physical conditions that favour sugarcane farming in Kenya. (2mks)
(ii) Describe the cultivation of sugarcane from land preparation to the harvesting stage. (5mks)
(c) (i) Explain three problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. (6mks)
(d) Name two by products of sugar. (2mks)

(a) (i) Name three types of minerals. (3mks)
(ii) State three ways in which minerals occur. (3mks)
(b) (i) Describe shaft mining method. (5mks)
(ii) Outline three challenges faced by shaft miners. (3mks)
(c) Explain four problems facing the mining industry in Kenya. (8mks)
(d) Highlight three ways in which mining derelicts can be reclaimed. (3mks)

(a) Draw an outline map of Kenya. (2mks)
On it mark and name the following:-
− Marsabit game reserve. (1mk)
− Dodori game reserve. (1mk)
− Aberdare National park. (1mk)
(b) (i) Apart from national parks, outline three other ways in which wildlife is conserved. (3mks)
(ii) Give three reasons why domestic tourism is being encouraged in Kenya. (3mks)
(c) Of late there had been a notable decrease in the number of tourists visiting Kenya. Explain three measures that
the country should take in order to attract more tourists. (6mks)
(d) Explain four factors which make Swizerland receive more tourists than Kenya? (8mks)

(a) (i) Differentiate transport and communication. (2mks)
(ii) State three reasons why road network is more widespread than railway network in East Africa.(3mks)
(b) (i) Outline three benefits derived from the construction of Nairobi-Thika super highway. (3mks)
(ii) Draw a sketch map of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. On it mark and name the following:-
− Lakes Michigan and Ontario. (2mks)

− Ports Duluth and Chicago. (2mks)
(c) Explain how the following factors hinder transport and communication in Africa. (4mks)
− Terrain.
− Shortage of skilled labour.
(d) Explain four benefits of transport in the economic development of Africa. (8mks)

(a) (i) State three factors that have influenced the development of industries in Eldoret town. (3mks)
(ii) Name two non-food agricultural industries in Thika. (2mks)
(b) (i) Explain ways in which each of the following factors may affect the location and development of
industries.
− Raw materials (2mks)
− Transport (2mks)
− Market (2mks)
(ii) Identify the main industries found in each of the following towns.
− Kisumu (1mk)
− Nakuru (1mk)
(c) Give four reasons why Kenya should become an industrialized county as per the vision 2030. (4mks)
(d) Describe the measures which should be taken by the Kenyan government to control effects of industrialization.
(4mks)
(e) A from four class carried out a field study on industrialization in Thika town.
(i) Give two possible objectives of their study. (2mks)
(ii) List two methods of data recording that they will use to record the data. (2mks)​