(a) Name the cell organelle which forms spindle fibres during cell division. (1 mark)
(b) Other than the function given in (a) above, state one other function of the organelle. (1 mark)

(a) State three characteristics of a wind pollinated flower. (3 marks)
(b) Explain why sexual reproduction is important to organisms. (2 marks)

Name the disease caused by the following parasite.
(i) Salmonella typhi (1 mark)
(ii) Entamoeba histolytica (1 mark)

The equation below represents a type of respiration.

(a) Identify the type of respiration. (1 mark)
(b) Suggest one industrial application of the process named in (a) above. (1 mark)

Below is a diagrammatic summary of the main biochemical events in photosynthesis. Study itcarefully and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Suggest the identity of molecule P. (1 mark
(b) Name the gas represented by letter W. (1 mark)
(c) Name the specific site for the reactions in stage A. (1 mark)
(d) Name reaction Z. (1 mark)

The reaction represented by the equation below occurs in the body.

(a) Name enzyme Y. (1 mark)
(b) Name an organ in the body where the reaction mainly occur. (1 mark)
(c) What is the significance of the reaction? (1 mark)

(a) Name two disorders in man that occur through gene mutation. (2 marks)
(b) Give two advantages of polyploidy in plants. (2 marks)

Define the terms.
(i) Organic evolution. (1 mark)
(ii) Vestigial structures. (1 mark)
(iii) Natural selection. (1 mark)

The diagram below represents passage of a metal through the human digestive system

Study the diagram and answer the question that follow.
(a) Name the physical process that will occur in the mouth cavity. (1 mark)
(b) Name the digestive juice C. (1 mark)
(c) Name the gland that secrete digestive juice B. (1 mark)

State three external differences between Chilopoda and diplopoda.

State the name given to;
(a) Study of chemical compounds and the reaction they take part in. (1 mark)
(b) Study of micro-organisms. (1 mark)

The table below shows the energy use per day in kilojoule.

(a) From the table, explain why after age 8 males require more energy than females. (1 mark)
(b) Other than sex and age, name three other factors that determine energy requirements in human being. (3 marks)

What is meant by the following terms?
(a) Habitat. (1 mark)
(b) Ecosystem. (1 mark)

The graph below shows the relationship between environmental temperature and the body
temperature in two different animals A and B.

(a) State the relationship between the body temperature of animal A and external environmental temperature. (1 mark)
(b) Give the term used to describe;
(i) Animals of type shown by graph A. (1 mark)
(ii) Animals of type represented by graph B. (1 mark)

The diagram below represents a common laboratory equipment

(i)Identify the equipment. (1 mark)
(ii) What is the function of part labelled W? (1 mark)
(iii) Using arrows show how the object is illuminated. (2 marks)

State three differences between osmosis and active transport.

In the body cells of all organisms chromosomes occur in pairs. Members of each pair have a
characteristic length and shape.
(a) What is the scientific name of such chromosome pair? (1 mark)
(b) What name is given to a cell that contains one member of each pair of chromosomes? (1 mark)
(c) Name the part in human females where meiosis take place. (1 mark)

The diagram below represents some stages in mitosis.

(a) Name the stages represented by the diagrams labelled A, B and C. (3 marks)
(b) Name one region in higher plants where cells actively undergo mitosis. (2 marks)

The diagram below represents a simple nitrogen cycle.

(a) Name the organisms that cause process E and J. (2 marks)
(b)Name the process represented by F and H. (2 marks)

What is meant by the terms;
(i) epigynous flower (1 mark)
(ii) staminate flower. (1 mark)

In an experiment, it is observed that when maggots are exposed to light, they move to dark areas. On the other hand, Euglena and Chlamydomonas move towards light.
(i) Name the type of response exhibited by the maggots. (1 mark)
(ii) state one advantage of the response shown by Euglena and Chlamydomonas. (1 mark)

(a) When corpus luteum breaks down prematurely during pregnancy, miscarriage is likely to result. Explain. (2 marks)
(b) State the role of the following hormones during lactation in mammals. (2 marks)
(i) Oxytocin.
(ii) Prolactin.

Explain the absence of fibrinogen in urine yet it is present in blood plasma.

(a) State two roles of water in seed germination. (2 marks)
(b) Define apical dominance. (1 mark)

Use the diagram of the stoma below to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify parts labelled A and B. (2 marks)
(b) State the functions of the structure shown in the diagram above. (1 mark)

The diagram below shows part of a food relationship in an ecosystem.

(a) Name the food relationship above. (1 mark)
(b) How many trophic levels are shown in the diagram above. (1 mark)
(c) Name one primary consumer in the food relationship above. (1 mark)
(d) State the main source of energy in the ecosystem. (1 mark)

State one way by which plants compensate for lack of locomotion.