a) Explain three reasons why horticulture farming is more developed in the Netherlands than in Kenya. (3 marks)
b) Give two reasons why the growing of flowers in greenhouses is preferred in Kenya. (2 marks)

a) What is ecotourism? (2 marks)
b) State three measures the government of Kenya has taken to attract more tourists. (3 marks)

The sketch map below shows the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway. Use it to answer question (a)

a) i) Name the ports marked M and P. (2 marks)
ii) The lake marked N (1 mark)
b) Explain two benefiters of the Great lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway to the economies of USA and Canada. (2 marks)

a) State three factors that have led to the growth of Thika as an industrial town. (3 marks)
b) State two problems encountered in New York city (2 marks)

a) Apart from floods, give two other environmental hazards. (2 marks)
b) State three measures undertaken in Kenya to control floods. (3 marks)

The table below shows the tonnage of trade items in Kenya from various parts of the world in 2005 and 2006. Use it to answer question (a) and (b).

a) i) Which continent had the highest increase in tonnage of trade items in Kenya between 2005 and 2006? (2 marks)
ii) Calculate the percentage increase trade tonnage from Australia and Newzealand between 2005 and 2006. (2 marks)
iii) Draw a divided rectangle 15cm long to represent the tonnage of trade items in Kenya in 2006. (10 marks)
b) i) State two advantages of using divided rectangles to represent geographical data. (2 marks)

ii) tate four reasons why in 2005 and 2006 there were higher tonnage for trade items from Europe compared to that from
Africa continent. (4 marks)
c) State five ways through which the Kenyan government is promoting export trade. (5 marks)

a) What is a by-product in mining? (2 marks)
ii) State two methods used in mining diamonds in South Africa. (2 marks)
iii) Name four oil producing countries in the Middle East. (4 marks)
b) Explain four ways in which South Africa has benefited from the mining of gold. (8 marks)
c) i) State three effects of open-cast mining on the environment. (3 marks)
ii) Explain three problems facing the mining industry in Kenya. (6 marks)
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a) i) Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. (2 marks)
ii) Apart from wind, name three other sources of renewable energy. (3 marks)
iii) State four factors that may lead to energy crisis. (4 marks)
b) The map of African below shows hydroelectric power projects. Use it to answer questions that follow.

i) Name the hydroelectric power projects marked A, B, C and D. (4 marks)
ii) Apart from the presence of a waterfalls. State four factors that influenced the location of Owen Falls power project in
Uganda. (4 marks)
c) i) Explain four ways in which Kenya has benefitted from the development of hydro-electric power schemes.(8 marks)

a) i) What is population structure? (2 marks)
ii) Differentiate between population density and population distribution. (2 marks)
iii) State three measures that have been taken by the Kenyan government to reduce infant mortality. (3 marks)
b) Explain how the following influence population growth.
i) Fertility (3 marks)
ii) Migration (3 marks)
iii) Mortality (3 marks)
c) i) State three reasons why .population growth rates have declined in East African. (3 marks)
ii) Explain three problems resulting from decline in population in developed countries such as Sweden. (6 marks)

a) State three physical conditions that favour large scale sugarcane farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
b) Describe the commercial cultivation of sugarcane from land preparation to the harvesting stage. (6 marks)
c) Explain five problems facing sugarcane farmers in Kenya. (10 marks)
d) Your class conducted a field study in sugar factory
i) Outline four stages of sugar processing that the class may have observed. (4 marks)
ii) Name two by-products obtained from processing of sugar which class will have identified during the study. (2 marks)