a) Define eco-tourism. (2mks)
b) State three factors which have made Switzerland a major tourist destination. (3mks)

a) Name three functional zones of an ideal urban center. (3mks)
b) State two benefits that would arise if more commuters in urban centers in Kenya used public transport. (2mks)

a) State three advantages of using containers in the transportation of goods in Kenya. (3mks
b) Give three reasons why there are a few rail links among African countries. (3mks)

a) What are tertiary industries ? (2mks)
b) List three reason s why development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya. (3mks)

a) State how the following factors have led to the population increase in Kenya.
i) Cultural beliefs (2mks)
ii) Early marriages (2mks)

The table below shows the values of Kenya import in million shillings between the years 2005- 2009. Use it to answer the following questions.
Year Crude oil Industrial machinery Pharmaceuticals
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
91,200
93,700
87,000
120,200
121,900
15,700
17,100
21,200
32,300
37,100
58,300
82,400
72,500
75,600
68,100
a)Calculate :
i) The total value of industrial machinery imported by Kenya from the year 2005-2009. (2mks)
ii)The total value of Kenya’s imports in the year 2008. (2mks)
b)i) Draw a comparative bar graph to show Kenya’s imports between the years 2006 and 2009. Use a vertical scale
of 1cm to represent a value of 10,000 shillings. (9mks)
ii) State two advantages of using a comparative bar graph to represent statistical data. (2mks)
iii) Give two reasons why Kenya imports some of the items it produces. (2mks)
c) i) Outline four reasons why there is little trade between Kenya and other African countries. (4mks)
ii) Explain two steps that can be taken to improve Kenya’s balance of trade. (4mks)

The diagram below shows the cocoa triangle in Ghana. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) i) Name the towns marked A, B and C. (3mks)
ii) State four physical factors that favour the growth of cocoa. (4mks)
b) i) Outline the stages involved in the processing of cocoa from harvesting to the time it’s ready for export. (8mks)
ii) State two uses of cocoa. (2mks)
c) i) Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared on commercial ranches in Kenya. (2mks)
ii) Explain three factors that favour the development of beef industry in Argentina. (6mks)

a) i) Differentiate between forestry and agro-forestry. (2mks)
ii) Apart from agro-forestry, explain four measures being taken by the government of Kenya to control human

encroachment on forested areas. (8mks)
b) i) Name two exotic species of trees planed in Kenya . (2mks)
ii) Give the difference between softwood in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
-Harvesting period (2mks)
-Diversity of the softwood trees species. (2mks)
c) i) Name three non- wood products from the natural forest of Kenya. (3mks)
ii) Explain three human problems facing forest in Kenya, apart from human encroachment. (6mks)

a) i) Define land reclamation. (2mks)
ii) Give two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya. (2mks)
b)Study the map of Mwea Tebere and use to answer the following questions.

i) Name the rivers marked P, V and W. (3mks)
ii)Name the sections marked Q and U. (2mks)
iii) Name the method of irrigation used in Mwea Tebere. (1mk)
c) Explain how the following factors influenced establishment of Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme.
- Topography (2mks)
- Soil (2mks)
- Government policy (2mks)
d)i) State four characteristics of the polders of Netherlands. (4mks)
ii) Describe the processes of land reclamation in Mwea Tebere. (4mks)
​

a) What is drought? (2mks)
b) Explain five negative effects of drought in Kenya. (10mks)
c) You carried out a field study on pollution in Kisumu town.
i) Name f our main types of wastes they came up with after the study. (4mks)
ii) Suggest five ways by which waste within Kisumu Town can be managed. (5mks)
iii) Give four methods that you would use to collect information on pollution. (4mks)