List one tool used in tightening barbed wire when constructing a fence.

State four reasons for maintaining wheelbarrow in the farm.

State any four reasons for castrating a goat.

a) i) Name any two dairy goats that can be reared by a farmer. (1mk)
b) State any six practices carried out to improve the production of low yielding dairy goat.
(3mks)

a) Distinguish between inbreeding and line breeding. (1mk)
b) State any three importance of cross breeding. (1½mks)

a) Explain the meaning of the term intermediate host as used in livestock production.(½mk)
b) State the intermediate host of liver fluke. (½mk)

State any four ways of improving the work output of draught animal.

Explain any four reasons why bees swarm away.

State any four factors that may lower the quality of honey.

State any three factors that may cause early weaning in heifers.

Give one function of chalazae.

State four factors that may cause stress in layers.

State four ways of stimulating a lactating cow.

Give two hormones essential in the process of milk production from a lactating cow.

State four predisposing factors in mastitis in a high yielding cow.

State any two uses of phosphorus in livestock nutrition.

Give four maintenance practices of a tractor battery.

Identify the tools and equipment drawn below.

i) Identify tools/equipment J, K and L (1½ mks)
ii) State the use of J and K (2mks)
iii) Give one functional similarity between K and L. (1mk)
iv) Give two maintenance practices that should be carried out in too J. (2mks)

The diagram below shows parts of a plunge dip. Study the diagram and answer the questions that
follow.

i) Name parts A, B,C and D (2mks)
ii) Give two reasons why cattle are held for sometime in part C. (2mks)
iii) State four maintenance practices carried out on part D. (2mks)

The following diagram illustrates a disease symptom in cattle. Study it carefully and answer the
questions that follow.

a) Identify the disease in cattle with the shown symptoms. (1mk)
b) Give two other causes of the disease named in (a) above. (2mks)
c) Apart from the symptom shown on the diagram, state other two symptoms of the disease.
(2mks)

Study the following diagram showing the behaviour of chicks with temperature variations in a
brooder.

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a) Identify part K. ( ½ mk)
b) Describe the behaviour of chicks in X and W (2mks)

a) Describe the uses of the various tools used in the fixing of barbed wire fence on the posts.
(6mks)
b) Outline eight uses of fences in the farm. (8mks)
c) Describe the functional differences between mouldboard and disc plough. (6mks)

a) Outline three factors considered in the siting of a fish pond. (3mks)
b) Describe seven management practices carried out on a fish pond to maximize the harvest.
(7mks)
c) Using the heat method, describe the procedure of processing honey. (10mks)

a) Describe the life cycle of a two-host tick. (6mks)
b) Describe how physical methods are used to control ticks in a herd of cattle. (4mks)
c) Describe the digestion of grass in the rumen of a ruminant animal. (10mks)