The vernier calipers in the figure below has a zero error of -0.05cm. It was used to measure the diameter of an object and the reading was as shown:

Determine the actual diameter of the object.

A former one student set up the apparatus as shown below.

The boiling tube was heated in the middle as shown
(i) Which wax melted first? (1mk)

(ii) Explain your answer in (i) above. (1mk)

A lorry of mass 13.4 tonnes is moving at a speed of 72 km/hr. determine it’s momentum giving your
answer in S.I units.

A catapult is used to project a stone of mass 40g vertically upwards to height of 5cm calculate the
potential energy gained by the stone.

A piece of glass weighs 0.5N in air and 0.3N while completely submerged in water. Determine the density of the glass material.

State two physical properties of a material medium which may be used to measure temperature.

A person of mass 60kg stand on a spring balance inside a lift. The lift accelerated upwards at 3ms-2.calcualte the reading on the spring balance.

A quantity of gas occupies a volume of 4m3 when the pressure of the gas is 4 atmospheres when it’s temperature is 27oC. What will be its pressure if it is compressed into half the volume and heated to a temperature of 127oC

The figure below shows a u-tube manometer containing oil density 900kgm-3 one end is connected to a gas tap.

Given that the atmospheric pressure is 1.0x 105 pa determine the pressure of the gas.

Explain why it is difficult to steer a bicycle by gripping the centre of the handle bars.

Three identical spring each of springs constant 10Nm-1 and weight 0.5N are used to support a load as shown

Determine the total extension of the system.

(a) State the characteristics of a perfectly inelastic collisions. (2mks)

(b) A body of mass 4.0kg held at a vertical height of 500cm is released to travel a long a frictionless curved path as shown below.

The 4.0kg mass strikes another body of mass 6.0kg at rest immediately it reaches the horizontal the bodies stick together and move in the same direction. Determine the velocity of the bodies
immediately after collision. (4mks)

c (i) A matatu whose mass is 2500kg is lifted using a screwjack of 10mm pitch. If the handle is 30cm from the screw. Find the force applied (neglect friction and take π = 3.14) ( 4mks)

(ii) The figure below shows an inclined plane and a load of mass 15 kg pulled by an effort of 100N

Find the efficiency of the machine. (3mks )

The graph below represents the relationship between $\frac{1}{volume}$ 1 and pressure at constant temperature

(i) With the aid of a labeled diagram describe the apparatus and the arrangement used in getting results used to plot the graph above. (4mks)

(ii) From the graph state the law under investigations. (1mk)

(iii) State and explain how the graph can be used to verify the law you have stated above. (3mks)

14. (a) State the Archimedes Principle. (1mk)

(b) (i) The reading on a spring balance is 7.2N when a metal ball bearing is hung from it’s lower end in air.
The density of the metal is 9.00gcm-3 and that of water is 1. 00 gcm-3 .The ball is immersed in
water in a Eureka can until it is completely submerged.
(i) What is the volume of the water displaced. (3mks)

(ii) What is the reading of the spring balance in Newtons when the ball is completely submerged
in water.
(3mks)

(c) Using the diagram below show all that forces acting on the metal ball bearing as it is submerged in the water. (indicate with arrows) (3mks)

15. (a) The figure below shows a bucket filled with water of mass 5kg tied on a string 3.6m long and rotated in a vertical circle with constant speed V m/s

Calculate the minimum speed the bucket should be rotated at so as to pass position A without the water spilling ( Take g = 10ms-2) (3mks)
(b) The table below gives centripetal force F acting on a body moving in a circle of radius 2m for
different speeds v of the body.

(i) Complete the table above (1mk)
(ii) Plot a graph of F against V2 (5mks)

(ii) Use your graph to determine the mass of the body. (3mks)

Explain why water kept in a porous pot on a hot day remain cooler than that contained in a metallic
vessel. (1mk)

(b) (i) An immersion heater takes 30 minutes to heat 20kg of water from${25}^{0}C to {60}^{0}C$. How long would the same heater take to heat the same mass of kerosene through the same temperature change assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings?
Specific heat capacity of water = $4200JK{g}^{-1}{K}^{-1}$
Specific heat capacity of Kerosene = $2200JK{g}^{-1}{k}^{-1}$ (4mks)

(ii) How long would the same heater take to vaporize the whole amount of water.
Specific latent heat of vaporization of water =$2.26 x 106 JK{g}^{-1}$ (4mks)

(c) State two factors that affect the boiling point of water and in each case explain how it affected. (3mks)