(a) Apart from tsetse fly control mention two other methods which are used
to reclaim land in Kenya. (2mks)
(b) State three control measures applied to eliminate tsetse flies in Kenya. (3mks)

(a) Name two types of coal. (2mks)
(b) State three factors that have contributed to the declining use of coal. (3mks)

(a) Stat two advantages of using rail transport in Kenya. (2mks)
(b) Give three reasons why road transport is used more than air transport
in East Africa. (3mks)

(a) Define the following terms:-
(i) Sanctuary. (1mk)
(ii) Game ranch. (1mk)
(b) Name one sanctuary in Kenya. (1mk)
(c) List down two factors that favour wildlife conservation. (2mks)

(a) Name three functional zonal of a town. (3mks)
(b) State two benefits of urbanization. (2mks)

Use the population pyramid below to answer the questions that follow:

(a) (i) Briefly describe the population structure represented by the
age-sex pyramid above. (4mks)
(ii) State any two advantages of the method of data representation
shown above. (2mks)
(iii) List any three methods that could have been used to acquire
the data above. (3mks)
(iv) State two implications of such a structure to the country’s
economy. (2mks)
(b) (i) What is population explosion? (1mk)
(ii) Explain three effects of rural-urban migration in East Africa. (6mks)
(iii) List three factors that influence population distribution in Kenya. (3mks)
(iv) State four factors leading to the reduction of fertility rate
in Kenya. (4mks)

(a) (i) State three characteristics of intensive farming. (3mks)
(ii) Outline four factors that have led Kenya to change from
subsistence farming to commercial farming. (4mks)
(b) (i) Name three districts in Kenya where maize is grown on a large
scale. (3mks)
(ii) State four physical requirements for growing maize in Kenya. (4mks)
(iii) Explain four problems facing maize farming in Kenya. (8mks)
(iv) State three ways in which maize contributes to the economy
of Kenya. (3mks)

(a) Define the following:
(i) Internal trade. (1mk)
(ii) International trade. (1mk)
(b) State three problems face by Kenya in international trade. (3mks)
(c) (i) Identify three major exports from Kenya. (3mks)
(ii) Give three reasons why Kenya should protect her local industries. (3mks)

(d) (i) What is unfavourable balance of trade? (2mks)
(ii) Explain three reasons why Kenya experiences unfavourable
balance of trade. (6mks)
(iii) Explain three measures taken by the Kenyan government
to reduce her unfavourable balance of trade. (6mks)

(a) (i) Apart from flooding name two other natural hazards experienced
in Kenya. (2mks)
(ii) Give three areas in Kenya where flooding is common. (3mks)
(b) (i) Identify three ways through which water is polluted. (3mks)
(ii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment. (6mks)
(c) (i) Define desertification. (2mks)
(ii) Explain three causes of desertification. (6mks)
(iii) State three effects of desertification. (3mks)

(a) (i) What is industrial inertia? (2mks)
(ii) List three factors that influence industrial location in Kenya. (3mks)
(b) (i) Name two non-agricultural manufacturing industries in Kenya. (2mks)
(ii) Give three examples of cottage industries in Kenya. (3mks)
(iii) Explain four reasons why Kenya government encourages the
development of Jua Kali. (8mks)
(c) (i) Apart from industry, name three other pillars of vision 2030. (3mks)
(ii) Explain two ways through which industries will contribute
to the achievement of vision 2030. (4mks)