i) 4th generation: very large integrated circuits

ii) 1st generation: Thermionic valves (vacuum tubes)

iii) 2nd generation: Transistors

iv) 3rd generation: Integrated circuits (Award ½mk for each correct answer)

- System software

-Application software

-Small storage capacity consultable for storing files

-Limited life span (2 years at most)

-Slow read/write speeds

-Refers to the process of transforming raw data into meaningful output i.e. information. It can do either manually or electronically

b)

- Complete

-Timely

-Relevant

-Accurate

Data verification is the process of checking that data is correctly transcribed while data validation is the process of checking that data entered at input satisfies is correct

i) Print layout: Enables the user view the document as it would appear on the printed page.

ii) Web layout: Enables the user to view the document as it would look as a web page.

-Main document: form letter ( standard letter) which you intend to print or e- mail multiple times, sending each copy of different recipients

-Data source: special record divided into field (list of addresses), when used in the merge document are called merge fields

a)

-Real- time: A situation where a computer processes the incoming data as soon as it occurs up- dates the transaction file and gives an immediate response that would affect the events as they happen. i.e. Airline booking.

-Online- system: data processed is immediately received at a terminal or online input device attached to the computer: i.e. banking

b)

- Development of the digital content to enhance learning and teaching in schools.

-E-learning content has been made available to students

-Research is now done easily from the internet

i) Network interface cards

-Create the physical link between the computer and the transmission media

ii) Routers

-Interconnects different networks and directs the transfer of data packets from source to destination.

iii) Distinguish between thinnet and thicknet coaxial cables.

-Thinnet: has one dielectric insulator while thicknet has two dielectric insulator around the core and is thicknet than thinnet

- Syntax error :- grammar of programming language not followed

-Logical error:- program runs but does the wrong thing e.g. multiplies to give wrong product

-User unacceptability:- program runs but does not meet users requirements

- Run time error:- abnormal unexpected stoppages at the time of running / during execution e.g. on encountering something like 75/0

- Temperature control

-Fluid flow i.e. in petroleum refineries

-Regulation of pressure i.e. nuclear power stations

-To avoid stepping on live wires

-To ensure stable flow of power to electronic devices

-Loose connections can cause accidents in the lab

- Systems whose boundaries keep on changing

-Have goals and objectives that usual conflict

-One cannot exactly define the exact measure of performance *1 mark any of the above

A database structure in which data is organized in two- dimensional tables called relations where an element in any one table can be related to another piece of data in another table as long as they have a common data element

1. Start

2. Enter name, hours worked.

3. If hours worked is less than 10 hours Rate= hours *100,

4. If hours worked is greater than 10 hours and less than 15 hours Rate =hours *150

5. If hours worked is greater than 15 hours Rate = hours *200

6. Calculate payment; wage =hours *Rate

7. Display hours worked, payment rate and name.

8. Stop

b) Draw a flowchart for the above problems

C)

. A systematic technique of program design that assumes the disciplined use of a few basic coding structures and . The use of top down concepts to decompose main functions into lower-level components for modular coding purpose to me workplace network.
. It takes advantage of growing communication networks to reduce unnecessary travel to the place of work. . In turn it translates to reduced travel expenses and less stress due to commuting inconveniences such as traffic jams.

a)

-Holistic thinking

-Subsystem

-Boundary and environment

-Purpose

-Process

-Inputs and Outputs

b)

- New opportunities: chance to improve quality of internal processes and service delivery.

-Problems: Undesirable circumstances that prevent the organization from meeting its goals.

-Directives: demands from internal or external influence e.g. management, Government

c)

i)

= small ((c3:c9), 1) or =min (c3...c9)

ii)

=b6*c6

iii)

= (B3+B4B5+B6+B7+B8+B9)/7

d)

-Utilizes powerful aspects of computer like speed, accuracy and efficiency to enable the user quickly accomplish his/ her tasks.

-Have inbuilt formulae called functions that enables the user to quickly manipulate mathematical data

-Have better document formatting capabilities.

-Automatically adjusts the result of a formula if the values in a worksheet are changed i.e. automatic recalculation.

-Enables the user to produce neat work because traditional papers, pencil, rubber and calculator are put aside

-Utilizes the large storage space on computer storage devices to save or retrieve documents.

e)

-Column chart : represents data as a cluster of columns comparing values across categories

-Bar charts: Data values arranged horizontally as clustered bars compares values across categories

f)

It refers to the ally or space between columns of text in a page layout in desktop publishing.

a)

-Expert systems: software designed to operate at a level of a human expert in a specific area of specialization.e.g. medical diagnosis

-Natural language processing: special programming where computers can recognize and understand natural language

-Artificial neural networks: Use of electronic devices and software to emulate the neurological structure of human brain

-Robotics/ perception systems: Computer controlled device that emulate a human being in carrying out tasks that would otherwise be dangerous

b)

-Increased efficiency because production ability is well balanced with the workload.

-Efficient utilization of resources i.e. raw materials, personnel hence less operating costs is incurred.

-Improved customer service where high quality products are produced in time

a)

i) System analyst

- Reviewing the current manual/ current system and making recommendations on how to replace it with a more efficient one.

-Working with programmers to construct and test the system.

-Co- ordinate training of users of new system.

ii) Information system manager

-Prepare budget for the department

-Managing human resource within the department.

-Making sure all tasks in the IT department are done properly

-Keeping department inventory records up-to-date.

iii) Network administrator

-Set-up a computer network.

-Maintain and enforce security measures on the network.

-Monitor the use of network resources

-Maintain and troubleshoot network related problems

iv) Computer trainer

-Develop training reference material

-Train people on how to use a computer and various application programs.

-Prepare learners for ICT exams.

-Advising learners on various career opportunities in ICT field

b)

A primary key is a unique key that can uniquely identify each row/record in a file /table while a foreign key is a field in a record that points to a key field in another table

c)

-Headers: are lines of text that appear at the top margin of every page or selected pages.

-Footer: are lines of text that appear at the bottom margin of every page or selected pages.

d)

-Attenuation: This the decrease in magnitude and energy as a signal progressively moves along the transmission medium.

- Baseband signal: digital signal that is generated and applied to the transmission medium directly without modulation.

a)

i) Record - A collection of related fields that represent a single entity.

ii) File. -A collection of related records in a database

iii) Database - Holds all related files or tables forming the highest data organization hierarchy

b) i)

- Run anti- virus programs frequently

-Limit the sharing of secondary storage devices.

-Always install up-to-date anti-virus programs to your computer.

-Always scan all downloads while using the internet

ii)

a) The control unit

- Co-ordinates all processing activities in the CPU as well as input, storage and output operation

-Determines which operation is to be executed

b) Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

-Performs al arithmetic and logic operations

c)

d)

e)

-Disk formatting

-Disk defragmentation

-Disk scanning

-Disk compression

-Disk back-up

-Disk partitioning