Hydrogen ions; or ATP molecules

(i). To remove waste products of metabolism/carbon ((IV) oxide/excess water/ nitrogenous waste;

(ii). To supply cells with nutrients/glucose/amino acids/water; because they have mall S.A/vol ratio.

(a). When environmental temperatures are low, water loss through sweating is reduced leading to increase in urine output; in high temperature water is lost through sweating hence low urine output;

(b). Ammonia;

Dry mass gives accurate / consistent mass of matter in an organism; wet mass gives inaccurate / inconsistent mass due to fluctuation of amount of water in an organism.

(a). Protection of meristem;

(b).

A - Cell division / multiplication;

B - Cell elongation / expansion

C - Cell differentiation / specialization

(a). Diffusion;

(b).

Inside - colour turns blacks;

Outside - iodine colour remains / No change in colour /colour remain brown;

(c). Outside; Banana molecules are large; could not pass through the visking Tubing hence iodine colour remains; (OWITTE).

Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida (Names to start with capital letters.

Presence of four pairs of legs; Lack of Antennae Presence of pedipalps;

Lenticels; stomata; root hairs/ pneumatophores;

Lack of bile salts; which emulsify fats;

(a). Mitochondrion;

(b). X – matrix; Y- cristae;

-Lignified to prevent collapsing of its walls;

-Pits to allow movement of water/mineral salts from one cell to another;

-Are narrow to allow capillarity;

-Lack cross walls for faster movement / conduction of water (and mineral salts);

(i). Exchange of materials between the maternal circulation and foeta Circulation/ elimination of waste products from foetus / supply of nutrients and oxygen to foetus/ production of progesterone;

(ii). Produces lytic enzymes for penetration of the sperm into ovum/through the vitelline membrane of the ovum;

(iii). Stimulates development of graafian follicle and stimulates ovary to secrete oestrogen;

Protandry /protogyny /self sterility /incompatibility /separate sexes;

-Numerous to increase surface area over which gaseous exchange occurs;

-Highly vascularised to bring blood to carry away oxygen and bring carbon (IV) oxide;

-Are thin-walled to increase rate of diffusion of gases;

(a). -Zebras adapted to environment;

-More zebras reproducing / sexually mature;

-Resources are plentiful / adequate pasture;

-Fewer predators;

-Birth rate higher than mortality rate;

(b). Total countings.

Photosynthesis is controlled b enzymes; low temperatures inactivate enzymes hence low rate of photosynthesis; high temperature above optimum denature enzymes and Photosynthesis ceases.

Guard cell

Palisade cells; cylindrical and have chloroplast while spongy cells are irregular and lack chloroplast.

(i). Entamoeba hystolytica

(ii). Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(a). Deamination;

(b). Enzyme orginase;

(c). Helps in removal of excess amino acids which cannot be stored in the body;

(a). Excess glucose; converted in the liver and stored as glycogen;

(b). After taking carbohydrate meal a lot of glucose is absorbed rising the level;

All excess glucose was converted to glycogen causing rise in glucogen level.

(i). Golgi bodies /Golgi apparatus;

(ii). Centriole;

(ii). Nucleolus;

(i). Coronary artery

(ii). Renal vein;

(ii). Hepatic portal vein;

-Low temperature /temperature below 350 c/; optimum

-Extreme PH;

-Presence of enzyme inhibitors;

(i). To dissolve gases (for faster diffusion);

(ii). To reduce diffusion distance for gases;

(a). Predation; Diseases, Parasitism; competition; food scarcity/or availability;

(b). Anemometer.

Primary growth results in increase in length /height;

Primary growth occurs at the tip of roots and shoots

Secondary growth results in increase in girth /diameter of stem

Secondary growth occur within /stem and woody plants.

i). Pooter;

(ii). Used to suck small animals from crevices or barks of trees.