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KCSE CLUSTER TESTS 24

Agriculture Paper 1

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section in spaces provided.
1.

a)

(i) Proper method and time of doing things e.g planting(proper timing)

(ii) Use of right type and amount of inputs.

(iii)Making right decisions based on proper observations (½x4=2 mks)

b)

  • Produce high qualify goods
  • Produce goods cheaply
  • Sell good competitively
  • Diversification.

4 marks

2.
  • Large animals exert pressure on rocks causing small fragments to distntergrate
  • . Man’s activities e,g mining reduce the size of rocks into smaller particles.
  • Bacteria and fungi intiate the breakdown of plant tissues on the surface of the soil.
  • Termites and roots exerts pressure on the rocks causing splitting of rocks.
  • Roots produce acids in the soil which dissolve mineral from rocks. (½x4=2 mk) 3a

2 marks

3.

a)

  • Conditions of land.
  • Type of tilth required.
  • Land topography.
  • Skill of the operator.

b)

  • Breaking hardpans/water infiltration.
  • Facilitate gaseous exchange in the soil
  • Bringing to the surface minerals,which might have heached to deeper layers.
  • For deep root penetration. (½x3=1½ mks)

3 marks

4.

a)

  • Leaf curling
  • Leaf surface cholorosis
  • Premature leaf fall
  • Stunted growth.
  • Scorching of the leaf surface.

b)

  • To test for nutrients.
  • To test for soil PH
  • To determine the type of crop to be grown.

4 marks

5.
  • Vegetative progation nursery.
  • Tree nursery
  • Vegetable nursery.

1.5 marks

6.
  • Used to recover and establish pathogen free plants to control viral diseases.
  • Used in mass production of propagules
  • It is fast.
  • Requires less space than cultural methods (½x2=mks)

1.5 marks

7.
  • Decline in yields
  • Increase in bud diseases (½x2=1mk)

2 marks

8.

(a)

  • Sucking the sap — Spreading/transmitting viral diseases

b)

  • Requires skilled labour to apply
  • Poisonous
  • Pollutants of air,soil
  • Have undesirable residue effect

3 marks

9.
  • Detaching soil particles on the surface
  • Transfering soil particles in splashes.
  • Plant loss of plant nutrients from the soil.
  • Maintain the soil structure.

4 marks

10.
  • Shifting cultivation
  • Tradition/inheritance of land from parents/population/pressure/burying scattered land /accumulation of land by money leaders from farmers. (1x2 mks)

2 marks

11.
  • Improves soil structure.
  • Maximum utilization of nutrients
  • Control weeds
  • Improve soil fertility
  • To control soil erosion (½x4=2mks)

2 marks

12.
  • Leaching
  • Erosion
  • Water borne diseases
  • Breeding site fof mosquitoes.
  • Floods
  • Corossion of farm structure
  • Land slides. (½x2=1mk)

1 marks

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions in the spaces provided.
13.

Identification x

(i) American ballworm 1x1=1mk

(ii) The most destructive stage of the organism. Larva 1 mk

(iii)Control of the pest

Spraying with suitable/appropriate insecticide (Reject Insecticide) 1x1=mk1

3 marks

14.

a) Identify the structure

  • Platy soil structure.

b) Formation of the soil structure A soil structure whose aggregates are arranged on top of the other,in relatively thin horizontal plates /leaflets. (1x2= 2mks)

c) Disadvantage associated with the above structure

  • Impairs permeability/impedes drainage.
  • Impairs root penetration. (1x2 mks)

5 marks

15.

a) Identification of diagrams M-porous dam/gabion. N-stone line (1x2=2mks)

b) Common materials used in M & N at part labeled A Stones/pebles (1x1=1 mk)

c) Ways in which structures M & N conserves soil and water in the farm.

  • Holds water to seep into the soil/allow infiltration of water into the soil.(1x2 mks) 16

5 marks

16.

i) Identify weed X and Y

X-Double thorn/oxygonum sinaatim

Y-Thorn apple/Datura stamonium

ii) Economic importance of each of the weeds above.

X-Can be used as a livestock feed

Y-Is poisonous to livestock

  • Produces repellants(alkaloids smell)

iii) Herbicides used to control the above weeds

  • Paraquat.
  • Glyphosphates.
  • Dalapon.

5 marks

17.

a) Identify the practice illustrated above

  • Staking (1 mk)

b) Parts labeled A and B

A-String /sisal fibre

B-Supporting/staking stick (½x2=1 mk)

2 marks

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer two questions from this section.
18.

a) i)

  • 1st crop/plant takes 13-22 months to mature
  • Determine sugar content
  • Harvesting is done by cutting the stem just above the ground
  • Use appropriate tool
  • Remove the tops and dry leaves/burn the field
  • Transport cane immediately within 48 hrs (6 x1=6 mks)

ii)

  • Harvesting starts 2-4 years after planting
  • Pluck 2 leaves and a bud
  • Pluck tea 5-7 days during rain season or 10-14 days during dry seasons
  • Plucking stick is used to maintain the plucking table
  • Transport plucked tea to the factory for processing on the same day
  • Use well aired baskets/do not compress [icked tea leaves (6x1=6 mks)

b)

  • Treshing/shelling to facilitate cleaning
  • Drying-to prevent rotting or fungal attack
  • Sorting and grading-done according to the qualify to facilitate fixing of prices
  • Dusting-done to prevent attack by storsge pests
  • Process-done to improve the flavor of the product,keeping quality and reduce buliness.
  • Packing-Placement of produce into containers and packs to make it easier for the farmers to qualify the produce and fix prices. 1 mk for stating 1 mk for explanation (4x2=8 mks)

20 marks

19.

a) : they are written information showing all the activities that take place in the farm for a given period of time (1 mk)

b)

  • They help to compare the performance of different enterprises within a farm/other farm
  • Show the history of the farm
  • Guide a farmer in planning and budgeting
  • Help detect losses of theft on a farm
  • Show the performance of the farm business which may help a farm to obtain a loan or credit
  • Help in assessment of income tax
  • Help to determine the value of the farm/show assets and liabilities
  • Help in shairing of profits/losses by partners.
  • Help to show whether a farmer is to make profits or losses.
  • Help in settling disputes among farmers
  • Help to support insurance claims.
  • Provide labour information like terminal benefits (1 x10=10 mks)

c)

  • Is any organized action taken to improve the structure of land tenure and use.
  • Is a deliberate change in the land tenure system (1 mk)

d)

  • Land consolidation
  • Land subdivision
  • Land adjudication and registration/demarcation
  • Settlements and resettlements. (Naming 1 mk description 1 =8 mk
  • ) N/B The merhod should be named and described

20 marks

20.

a)

  • Watering
  • Pest and diseases control.
  • Weed control
  • Fertilizer application
  • Hardening off
  • Pricking out/thinning
  • Shading
  • Mulching
  • Removal of mulch

b)

  • Crops mature faster
  • The crop show uniformity
  • It is possible to produce many varieties
  • Use of the vegetative material is easier and faster
  • They have desirable shape and size.
  • It facilitates crops which are seedless

c) i) Pruning

  • Pruning is the removal of extra or unwanted parts of a plant (1 mk) ii) Importance of pruning
  • To train the plant so that it can have the required shape
  • To remove the diseased and unwanted parts
  • To control cropping
  • To facilitate picking
  • To ease the penetration of the spray
  • It controls pests and diseases.

iii)

  • Tea
  • Coffe
  • Citrus fruits
  • Tomatoes
  • Bananas
  • Cashnuts
  • Mangoes

20 marks

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