PAPER 1

1.

(ii) Electronic configuration 5 :8:2

(iii)Both atoms are period 3.X has a larger atomic radius than Y√ ½.Since Y has a higher nuclear charge ⁄⁄ more protons√ ½.

(a) It is the exchange of ions during a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of an insoluble salt and a soluble salt.

(b)To solution of sodium sulphate add lead II nitrate solution. Filter √ ½ the precipitate and wash it with distilled water. The precipitate is √ ½ 4 PbSO .

.(b) Each has molecular of 44.Hence diffuse at the same rate under similar conditions.√ 1

(a) bleaches by reduction(removal of Oxygen)in presence of sunlight. Oxygen is replaced.

(b) Calcium bisulphate.

(c) It removes Sulpher (IV) Oxide from the air thus reducing the pollution.

(a) Equilibrium shifts to the left favouring backward reaction and green colour is increased.

(b) Forward reaction favoured equilibrium shifts to the right and yellow colour dominates.

(b).Nuclear fission-process by which leavings nuclide split when bombered by a fast moving neutron. In the process energy is released. Nuclei at high velocity. In the process energy and neutrons are released.

(i)Fractional crystallization.

(ii) Addition polymerisation.

(i) Heating.

(ii) To absorb ⁄⁄ dissolve Hydrogen chloride fumes.

(iii) By Down ward delivery tube⁄⁄upward displacement of air.

(a) Silicon dioxide ⁄⁄ 2 SiO ⁄⁄silicon IV oxide and Aluminium oxide ⁄⁄ 3 2OAl .

(b) Provide carbon IV oxide ⁄⁄ 2 CO that reacts with coke to release CO which is reducing agent.

―Provide Calcium oxide ⁄⁄ CaO that removes impurity silica as Calcium silicate.

(a) Residue is yellow when hot, white on cooling: Brown fumes formed.

(b)Gas A is Oxygen.

(a) Lowers the melting point.

(b) Cleaning of ice from roads.

―Extraction of metals.

Both fully lionises in water ⁄⁄ strong acid-strong base recast ion). Ammonium hydroxide partially ionises and therefore energy is used up to ionise them completely.

(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid dehydrates sugar to form carbon which is black.

(b) Oxygen in the air, in the presence of sunlight replaces the Oxygen removed from the material during bleaching.

(a) The volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.

(c) When volume is decreased at constant temperature, gas particles have a shorter distance before colliding with each other and walls of the container. The collisions become more frequent which increased pressure.

(ii) Sample B.Has temporary hardness which can be removed by precipitating from soluble hydrogen carbonates as Insoluble carbonates

(i) Increases the electrical conductivity of water by providing more free ions.

(ii)

At high temperatures, water molecules have higher Kinetic energy-thus increasing frequency of collision of the molecules with magnesium.

(a) M in the box with atomic number11.

(b) R in the box with atomic number 7

Reducing power increase from lithium to caesium.

This is due to the increase in atomic size which puts the outermost electron further away from nuclear charge hence easily lost.

(a)Dissolve the mixture in ether and filter to remove camphor. The dissolve the residue in ethanol to remove sugar.

The residue after filtering is Alum.

(b)Dissolve the mixture in ether and filter to remove camphor as the filtrate. Dissolve the residue in ethanol and then filter to set Alum. The filtrate is sugar solution. Evaporate it to its dryness to set sugar.

(a)Chloride Oxidises Sulphide ions to pale― yellow sulphur and it self reduced to hydrochloric acid.

(b)

(a) Mass of salt A that forms crystals when cooled

Mass of salt B that forms Crystals when cooledHence total mass

(b)Its solubility would increase with an increase in temperature because it requires heat to dissolve (endothermic process is favoured by high temperature.

(a) . ,2,1 ane dibromoeth

(b)Ethanol.

(c) . Ethane

(a) (i)Zinc atoms ⁄⁄ . Zn 3

(ii)Silver ions ⁄⁄ . Ag

(b) The blue colour of the solution fades, there is arise in temperature ⁄⁄ apparatus feel warm, A brown/ red solid deposited.

Mixture sulphur power with warm Carbon disulphide.

―Filter the mixture.

―Allow the filtrate to evaporate slowly at room temperature.

―Pale yellow octahedral crystals are formed.

(a) Behaviour where a substance show both acidic and basic properties.

(b) .

(c)M is a stronger acid than L.It ionizes fully producing more hydrogen ions which react to give more hydrogen ions which react to give more hydrogen gas then L.