(a). Prolactine hormone. 1 x ½ = ½ mark

(b). -Poor milking technique.

-Presence of strangers.

-Inflicting pair to the animal.

-Absence of the calf.

-Change of routine/milkman. 3 x ½ =1½ marks

Crutching is the removal/clipping of wool around the reproductive system of the ewe while ringing is the cutting of wool round the penis sheath of the ram to facilitate mating. ( mark as a whole) 1 x 1 = 1 mark

–Prevents moisture rising up the wall.

-prevent coldness from ascending. 2 x ½ = 1 mark

–Dehorning saw

-Dehorning rod

-Hack saw 2 x ½ = 1 mark

–Trocar

-Mallet

-Screw

-Bit 4 x ½ = 2 marks

-Bulky

-Low digestibility

-Highly fibrous

-Low protein content

-Plant origin 2 x ½ = 1 mark

–Repair of tissues.

-Need for formation of enzymes/hormones.

-Essential component in body cells.

-Need for cell division and growth.

-Formation of expected products 4 x½ =2 marks

–External parasites.

-Mineral deficiency.

-Bright light in poultry houses.

-Overcrowding in poultry houses.

-Introduction of new birds.

-Prolapse – cloaca does not retract. 4 x ½ = 2 marks

–Lack of calcium in the diet of chicken.

-Attack by diseases e.g. new castle.

-Lack of vitamin D. 2 x ½ = 1 mark

–Physical killing.

-Draining swampy areas.

-Burning of the infested pastures during dry season.

-Adding copper sulphate solution to stagnant water to kill the water snails. 4 x ½ = 2 marks

Roughage is feed with high fibre content and low in energy while a concentrate is a feed with low fibre content and high in energy content. 1 mark each = 2 marks

–Good stable length.

-Should be soft.

-Should be elastic.

-Should be white in colour.

-Should be pure /without impurities.

-Should be fine.

-Have good strength. 4 x 1 =4marks

(a). -Zoonotic disease: A disease which attacks both man and livestock and is spread through contact ½ mark.

(b). -Anthrax

-Brucellosis

-Rabies

-Tuberclosis

-Rift valley fever 2 x ½ = 1 mark

–For free air circulation in the house.

-Controls temperature in the house.

-Prevents the inside of the house from becoming humid. 2 x 1 = 2 marks

–Clearing bushes.

-Sterilizing males.

-Spraying with appropriate insecticides.

-Trapping and killing. 3 x ½ = 1½ marks

–Disinfect the teats.

-Apply milking salve on teats.

-Weigh the milk.

-Cooling the milk.

-Straining /sieving the milk.

-Cleaning utensils. 4 x ½ = 2 marks

–Should be well maintained to work with.

-Each tool should be used for the correct job.

-keep tools in a tool rack.

-Put protective clothing.

-Should have enough working space.

-Handle tools carefully and correctly. 4 x ½ = 2 marks

-To provide food.

-To do work.

-Source of income.

-Cultural uses.

-Recreation.

-Provision of raw materials. 2 x ½ = 1 mark

(a). -Insulate floor preventing heat loss.

-Absorbs moisture avoiding dampness. 2 x ½ = 1 mark

(b). -Wood shaving

-Straw

-Saw dust

-Rice husks 2 x ½ = 1 mark

(c). -Reflect radiation heat back to concentration it within the brooder.

-Prevent chicks from straying far from heat source. 2 x 1 = 2 marks

(a).

R = Damp proof course (pvc)

T =Hard core

X = Concrete

W = Nil 4 x ½ = 2 marks

(b). -Durable

-Fire proof

-Easy to clear

-Attractive 4 x ½ = 2 marks

(a). -Crushing and straining. 1 mark

(b). -Method of extraction.

-Stage of maturity /time of harvesting.

-Amount of smoke used.

-Presence of impurities.

-Types of plant from which nectar is collected. 4 x½= 2 marks

–Improving implantation of embryo in the uterus.

-Increase lambing percentage.

-Increase conception rate.

-Increase ovulation. 3 x 1 = 3 marks

–Milk formation.

-Formation of bones and teeth.

-Blood clotting.

(a). -Claw hammer- driving and removing nails from wood.

-Tape measure/ metre rule –measuring lengths of pieces of material to be used.

-Clamp – for holding pieces of wood together when joining or cutting.

-Hand saw – for cutting wood except hack saw.

-Wood chisel/brace/hand drill and bits –for boring holes in wood.

-Mallet – for hitting chisel when boring holes in wood.

-Wooden pliers – for smoothening wood.

-Try square – for determining right angles on cutting point or timber.

-Marking gauge/mortise gauge – for marking points to cut.

-Ball pane hammer – for straightening /shaping sheets of metal.

(b). -Site should have many flowering plants.

-For bees to collect nectar easily.

-Site be shaded to prevent overheating of the hive.

-Should be far from livestock structures and homesteads.

-Should be near water source e.g. rivers, wells, dams etc.

-Should be far from noise e.g. roads, schools, airstrips etc. 5 x 1 = 5 marks

(c). –More work done in short time/faster operation.

-Efficient timing of operations.

-Produce quality work.

-Economical use of labour where labour is expensive.

-Increased production due to economies of large scale production.

-Makes work easier and enjoyable. 5 x 1 = 5 marks

-Construct a brooder of good size.

-Ensure the corners of the brooder are rounded.

-Provide functional feed troughs and waterers.

-Cover the litter with old newspapers.

-Sprinkle chick marsh on old newspaper.

-Provide a source of heat for warmth.

-Protect the chicken from a source of heat to avoid accidents.

-Waters and feeders should be well distributed in the brooder.

-Introduce growers mash from 6th -8th weeks.

-Cull the sick chicken.

-Debeak the birds to prevent cannibalism.

-Introduce the layers mash from the 16th week.

-Provide grit for digestion.

-Provide perches for roasts.

-Keep feeders and waterers clean.

-Provide green vegetables to keep birds busy.

-Ensure the litter is dry and free from dust by adding lime.

-Controls pests/ parasites using appropriate methods.

-Provide enough calcium in the diet.

-Maintain and repair the houses as need arises.

-Control diseases using appropriate methods.

-Drop some grains on the floor for scratching and pecking.

-Remove the dead birds from the house.

-Provide the laying nests.

(a). -Age of the animal.

-Sex of the animal.

-Colour of the animal.

-Breed of the animal.

-Species of the animal.

-Nutrition of the animal.

-Change of weather condition.

(b). -Gentle slopes for easy drainage.

-Accessibility/centrally placed in the community.

-Wind direction/lee ward side of the farm.

-Away from natural sources of water to avoid pollution.

-Space for construction and collection of animals.

-Type of soil to prevent soil erosion and seepage of dipwash.

-Source of water for filling dip tank.

(c). -Repair the leaking roof.

-Replace broken timber rails.

-Clean foot bath before and after dipping.

-Clean dip tank regularly.

-Check and maintain the concentration of the accaricide (dipwash).

-Top up the level of the dip wash with accaricide and water.

-Repair cracks in the collecting yard/foot bath/draining yard.