Differentiate between ROM and RAM

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a) Arrange the following data units in ascending order of size (2mks)
BYTE, FILE, BIT, NIBBLE
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b) For each of the following give one reason why they are not allowed in a
computer laboratory. (2mks)

i) Smoking
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ii) Eating food
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(a) Define the following terms with reference to computer crime
i) Cracking (1mk)
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ii) Hacking (1mk)
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(b) State any two laws governing protection of information (2mks)
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What is meant by the term dry running as used in program development?
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List any three differences between while…..do and Repeat…….Until control structures
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Match the computer generation with the technology associated with it.
Generation Technology
Third Thermionic valves
First Integrated circuits
Fourth Transistor
Second Large scale integration

Differentiate between a computer operator and computer technician.
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State two consequences of a poorly implemented system change over strategy
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Define the following terms
a) Password
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b) Authentication
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Explain the meaning of backup.
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State the following types of transcription errors.
(a) 3455 instead of 3456……………………………………………………………..
(b) Simth instead of Smith. …………………………………………………………..

Briefly explain any three application areas of ICT (Information and Communication
Technology)
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List any two types of
a) Optical disk (1mk)
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b) Magnetic disk (1mk)
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Name six steps in program development cycle in their logical sequence.
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(a) State and define any three types of computer processing file (3mks)
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(b) List any two file organization methods (2mks)
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(a) Consider the module flow charts extracts below

State the looping structure demonstrated in i and ii above (2mks)
(i)
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(ii)
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(b) State four examples of third generation languages (2mks)
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(c) Define the following terms as used in programming (2mks)
i) Assembler
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ii) Compiler
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iii) Translator
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iv) Interpreter
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d) Joykim retailers has two categories of customers (Silver and Gold).Processing category ‘Silver’
obtain 10% discount on all orders up to Ksh. 50,000. Otherwise the discount is 20% on entire order.
Category ‘Gold’ obtains 30% on all orders if the debt payment records is good otherwise the discount is 15%.
i) Draw a flowchart that will display the discount on processing order. (9mks)

(a) Define the term network topology and explain the two types of topology.
(5mks)
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(b) Define the following terms as used in networking.
(4mks)
(i) Routers

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(ii) Repeaters
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(c) Name the parts labeled A, B, C and D in the diagram below. (2mks)

A
B
C
D
(d) Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in signal transmission.
(2mks)
(i) Attenuation
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(ii) Noise
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(e) State two advantages of using fiber optic cables. (2mks)
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a) Distinguish between (2mks)
(i) A widow and an orphan in word processing
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(ii) Cut and copy commands
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b) i) What is a section break as used in word processing? (2mks)
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ii) State two section breaks that can be used in a word processor (2mks)
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c) State two advantages of word processors over manual typewriters
(2mks)
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d) List three editing features used in word processor. (3mks)
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e) Name two reasons that would make the relationship between tables fail to work? (2mks)
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(f) In databases, the field properties specify finer details related to the fields and the table entries
expected. State four field properties. (2mks)
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(a) Subtract 0111₂ from 1001₂ (2 mks)
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(b) Using two’s compliment, subtract 4 from 7 and give the answer in
decimal notation (4mks)
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(c) Convert
(i) 91B₁₆ to octal (2mks)
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(ii) 376₈ to hexadecimal (2mks)
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(iii) 9.625₁₀ to binary (2mks)
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(d) Perform the following binary arithmetic giving the answers in decimal notation
1110.0111 + 1101001.011 (3mk)

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(a) (i) Explain three communication services offered through internet (3mks)
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(ii) Describe the following internet terms (2mks)
Links
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URL
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(b) The following is a spreadsheet relating to a farmer.

A function =IF (B2<200, “Not Viable”, IF (B2>300, “Moderate”, IF (B2>1000, “Viable”))).
Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4 and C5 (2mks)
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(c) Text can easily be selected using a mouse in word processing. How do you select
i. Multiple paragraph (2mks)
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ii. Vertical block of text
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(d) List three areas where virtual reality is used. (3mks)
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(e) Outline three ways computers can be used to enhance marketing. (3mks)
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