(a) The diagram below shows a mining drill. Name the parts marked D, E & F. (2 mks)

(b) State two factors necessary for the occurrence of oil. (2 mks)

(a) Give two characteristics of softwood forests in Canada. (2 mks)
(b) State three problems that affect forestry in Canada. (3 mks)

(a) State three physical conditions necessary for the growing of cocoa. (3 mks)
(b) Outline two problems which are experienced in cocoa farming in Ghana. (2 mks)

(a) Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payment. (2 mks)
(b) State three efforts made by the Kenya government to promote external trade. (3 mks)

(a) Identify three causes of lightening. (3 mks)
(b) State two advantages of windstorms. (2 mks)

The photograph below shows beef farming in Kenya. Use it to answer question (a).

(a) (i) Identify the type of photograph. (1 mk)
(ii) Describe the features shown on the photograph. (3 mks)
(iii) What indicators show that the area is suitable for beef farming. (3 mks)
(b) Explain four measures taken by the Kenyan government to improve beef farming in
Kenya. (8 mks)
(c) (i) Name two exotic beef cattle kept in Argentina. (2 mks)
(ii) List two areas in Argentina where beef cattle rearing is practised. (2 mks)
(iii) Explain three physical favouring beef farming in Argentina. (6 mks)

(a) (i) Name three types of fish. (3 mks)
(ii) State three conditions for the growth of planktons in the ocean. (3 mks)
(b) Study the world map provided and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the fishing grounds marked X & Y. (2 mks)
(ii) Identify the Ocean currents marked O,P, Q. (3 mks)
(c) Describe three major physical conditions that favour development of fishing ground X.
(6 mks)
(d) (i) Apart from Purse siene method, name three modern methods of fishing.
(3 mks)
(ii) Describe how purse seine method is used to catch fish. (5 mks)

(a) (i) What is geothermal power? (2 mks)
(ii) Mention three locational sites of geothermal power production in Kenya.
(3 mks)
(iii) State four problems facing geothermal power development in Kenya.
(4 mks)
(b) (i) Give three reasons why Kenya must develop wind energy. (3 mks)
(ii) Name three areas in Kenya where wind mills have been installed.
(3 mks)
(c) (i) What is management of energy. (2 mks)
(ii) Explain four measures taken by the Kenya government to manage and
conserve energy. (8 mks)

(a) Define the term cottage industry. (2 mks)
(b) Outline four reasons why the county government of Nakuru should encourage foreign
investors to establish jua-kali industries in the county. (4 mks)
(c) Explain three factors which may lead to industrial inertia. (6 mks)
(d) The map below represents the Ruhr industrial region of Germany. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.

Ruhr – industrial Region and Transportation Lines

(i) Name the rivers marked X and Y. (2 mks)
(ii) Identify the towns labeled T and U. (2 mks)
(iii) Name the canal labeled V. (1 mk)
(iv) Name any two forms of power used in the Ruhr region apart from coal.
(2 mks)
(v) Explain three factors that led to the growth of industries in the Ruhr region.
(6 mks)

(a) (i) What is urbanization? (2 mks)
(ii) State three physical factors which influence the location of settlement.
(3 mks)
(b) Give three social problems experienced in Kisumu city. (3 mks)
(c) The diagram below represents the functional zones of an urban centre. Use it to answer
questions (i) and (ii).

(i) Name the zone marked B. (1 mk)
(ii) Give four characteristics of the zone A. (4 mks)

(d) Explain three factors that led to the growth of growth of Eldoret Town.​