State the name given to the study of :
a) The cell (1 mark)
b) Micro-organism (1 mark)

a) Write the dental formula of an adult human (1 mark)
b) Name two dental diseases. (2 marks)

The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student at the sea shore.

a) Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1 mark)
b) Give three reasons for your answer in (a) above. (3 marks)

Give three reasons for classifying organisms.

In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw cylinders using a cork borer. The cylinders were cut back to 50mm length and placed in a beaker containing a solution. The results after 40 minutes were shown in the table below.
Feature Results
Average length of cylinders mm 56mm
Stiffness of cylinders Stiff
a) Account for the results in the table above. (3 marks)
b) What would be a suitable control set-up for the investigation. (1 mark)

State three ways in which a respiratory surface is adapted to its function.

The diagram below represents part of the gaseous exchange system in human.

a) Name the parts labelled F and G. (2 marks)
b) State one function of each of the parts labelled H and J. (2 marks)

What is meant by the following terms?
a) Ecology (1 mark)
b) Carrying capacity. (1 mark)

The diagram below represents a set-up that a students used in an investigation.

a) Name the physiological process that was being investigated. (1 mark)
b) State the role of potassium hydroxide in a flask K. (1 mark)
c) Account for the observation in boiling tube L and flask N (2 marks)

The diagrams below illustrate the organs of some flowering plants.

State the classes of plants to which each belong.

State the functions of the following parts of a light microscope.
a) Fine adjustment knob. (1 mark)
b) Stage (1 mark)

The diagram below represents a bone obtained from a mammal.

a) Name the bone (1 mark)
b) Name the
i) Bone which articulates with the bone named in (a) above at the cavity labelled K. (1 mark)
ii) Joint formed by the two bones. (1 mark)
c) State the function of the part labeled J. (1 mark)

State the importance of divergent evolution to organisms.

Explain why it is not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burning charcoal stove.

The diagram below represents a certain plant.

a) What is the likely habitat for the plant? (1 mark)
b) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above. (2 marks)

Give reasons for carrying out the following procedures when preparing temporary wet mounts of plant tissues.
a) Making this plant sections. (1 mark)
b) Adding water on the plant section. (1 mark)
c) Placing cover slip over the plant section. (1 mark)

Name three mechanisms that ensure cross pollination takes place in flowering plants.

Name two substances that leave the foetal blood through the placenta.

The diagram below represents a part of the human digestive system.

a) Name the organs labelled L and M (2 marks)
b) i) Name the substances produced by the organ labelled K. (1 mark)
ii) State the function of the substances named in b(i) above. (1 mark)

Name the flower part that produces gametes.

Name support tissues in plants that is not thickened with lignin.

Explain why plants do not require specialised excretory organs.

The diagram below represents a reflex arc in human.

Name the parts labelled X and Y.

The diagram below illustrates a defect in the eye.

Explain how the defect illustrated above can be corrected.

a) Differentiate between the following terms.
i) Dominant gene and recessive gene. (1 mark)
ii) Continuous variation and discontinuous variation. (1 mark)
b) What would be expected results from a a test cross? (2 marks)

Explain what happens in human when the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases below the normal level.

State two differences between open and closed circulatory systems.

State four reasons why water is significant in seed germination.